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Thursday 24 November 2022

Lost Spring : Anees Jung

 Lost Spring : Stories of Stolen Childhood --The given lesson is included in class 12th syllabus of CBSE & HBSE .



Part -I (Sometimes I find a Rupee in the Garbage)--

अनीस जंग एक प्रसिद्ध भारतीय लेखिका है जो समाज के वंचित वर्ग के अधिकारों और उनकी हालात के बारे में लिखती है। विशेष तौर पर बच्चों की समस्याओं को लेकर उन्होंने काफी लिखा है। प्रस्तुत पाठ में उन्होंने दो अलग अलग कहानियों के माध्यम से मासूम बचपन के रंगीन सपनों के बारे में लिखा है 
पहली कहानी दिल्ली से सटे सीमापुरी क्षेत्र की है जिसमे बांग्लादेश से विस्थापित कई गरीब परिवार रहते हैं जो कबाड़ और कचरा बीन कर अपनी आजीविका कमाते हैं।                                                                                      
साहब भी उन्ही परिवारों में रहने वाला एक लड़का है जो अपने दोस्तों के साथ कचरा बीनता है। उसका पूरा नाम साहब - ए -आलम है , जिसका अर्थ है - संसार का स्वामी। परन्तु वह इतना गरीब है कि अपने लिए जूते तक नहीं खरीद सकता। लेखिका कहती है कि उसके नाम के साथ यह कितनी बड़ी विडम्बना है।

साहब और उसके दोस्त हमेशा नंगे पैर रहते हैं। जब लेखिका उनसे पूछती है कि वो जूते क्यों नहीं पहनते तो वो कहते हैं कि यह हमारा रिवाज है परन्तु लेखिका को पता है कि यह गरीबी और असमर्थता छुपाने का एक बहाना मात्र है।
एक बार लेखिका ने उनसे पढाई के बारे में पूछा तो उन्होंने जवाब दिया कि यदि उनके पड़ोस में स्कूल हो तो वो भी पढ़ना चाहते हैं। लेखिका उनके पड़ोस में एक स्कूल खोलने का झूठा वादा करती है। कई दिनों बाद जब साहब उससे मिलता है और स्कूल के बारे में पूछता है तो लेखक बड़ी शर्मिंदगी महसूस करती है। इस घटना के बाद कई दिनों तक लेखिका साहब व उसके दोस्तों से नहीं मिल पाती। कई दिनों बाद वह साहब को एक चाय की दूकान पर काम करते हुए देखती है।


जब लेखिका ने उससे बात कि तो साहब ने बताया कि अब उसने कचरे बीनने का काम छोड़ दिया है और वह अब यहाँ नौकरी करता है। उसे 800 रूपए और खाना मिलता है। परन्तु लेखिका ने महसूस किया कि साहब चाय की दूकान पर काम करके खुश नहीं है। उसका लापरवाही भरा अंदाज गायब हो गया है और अब वह उदास सा दिखाई देता है।
साहब अब केवल चाय की दूकान वाले का नौकर है।  अब वह अपना स्वामी नहीं रहा ।
( Courtesy –Net content ) आभार सहित



Part -II ( I want to Drive a Car) 

दूसरी कहानी के लिए लेखिका ने फ़िरोज़ाबाद शहर का चयन किया है। फ़िरोज़ाबाद शहर कांच की रंगीन चूड़ियां बनाने के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। परन्तु इन सुन्दर व रंगीन चूड़ियों को बनाने वालों का जीवन कितना अंधकारमय और कष्टप्रद है , इसका अहसास हमें यह कहानी पढ़ने के बाद होता है।


इस कहानी में मुकेश और उसके परिवार को केंद्र में रखा गया है। मुकेश का परिवार पिछली कई पीढ़ियों से चूड़ी बनाने के पेशे में है। परन्तु मुकेश एक कार मैकेनिक बनना चाहता है। लेखिका उसकी आँखों में एक अधूरा सपना देखती है। फ़िरोजाबाद का प्रत्येक दूसरा परिवार चूड़ी बनाने का काम करता है। 
एक अनुमान के अनुसार लगभग 20000 से ज्यादा बच्चे छोटी -छोटी अँधेरी कोठरियों में उच्च तापमान की भट्ठियों के पास पूरा दिन काम करते है। इन जगहों में उचित प्रकाश व हवा की कोई व्यवस्था नहीं होती है। कांच की पोलिश से उड़ने वाली हानिकारक धुल बहुत जल्दी इनकी आँखों की रोशनी छीन लेती है।
मुकेश लेखिका को अपने घर ले जाने का आग्रह करता है। लेखिका उसके साथ कचरे से अटी पड़ी बदबूदार नालियों , तंग गलियों में से गुजरती है जहाँ वह देखती है कि किस प्रकार लोग बिना खिड़की , दरवाजों के मकानों में नारकीय जीवन जी रहें है।

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मुकेश के घर में उसकी दादी , उसका पिता जी ,उसका भाई व भाभी हैं। मुकेश की भाभी पूरे परिवार के लिए खाना बनाने की तैयारी कर रही है। उसके पिताजी बताते है कि कैसे पूरी उम्र कड़ी मेहनत के बावजूद , पहले एक दर्ज़ी और बाद में चूड़ी बनाने वाले के रूप में, वह न तो अपने बच्चों को भेज सका और ना ही कोई ढंग का मकान बनवा सका। उसने केवल अपने बच्चों को चूड़ी बनाने का काम सीखा दिया है। मुकेश की दादी का मानना है कि यह सब कर्मों का खेल है और विधाता के लेख कोई नहीं मिटा सकता।

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लेखिका वहां सविता नाम की एक छोटी लड़की को देखती है जो बड़ी कुशलता से चूड़ी बनाने का काम कर रही है। लेखिका सोचती है कि क्या इतनी छोटी लड़की इन चूड़ियों के महत्व और पवित्रता को भी समझती है क्योंकि भारतीय जनमानस में चूड़ी सुहाग का प्रतीक होती हैं।

लेखिका वहां कुछ युवाओं से बात करती है और उन्हें प्रेरित करती है कि वो अपनी एक सहकारी समिति बनायें और बिचौलियों के बजाय अपना उत्पाद स्वयं बेचें ताकि उन्हें अपने माल की पूरी कीमत मिल सके। युवा जवाब देते है कि यदि वो ऐसा करते हैं तो स्थानीय पुलिस उन्हें पकड़ लेती है और झूठे केसों में फंसा कर प्रताड़ित करती है। इन कारीगरों का कोई संगठन व नेता भी नहीं है जो इनकी मदद कर सके। लेखिका साफ़ तौर पर यहाँ दो अलग अलग संसार महसूस करती है , एक वो जो अपने जातिगत कर्म की उलझन में बंध कर गरीबी के जाल में बुरी तरह फंसा हुआ है। और दूसरा वो जो यहाँ साहूकारों , बिचौलियों, राजनेताओं , अफसरों व पुलिस के विषैले कुचक्र में पिसा चला जा रहा। है । इनकी आने वाली पीढ़ी भी इसे ही अपनी नियति मानकर चुपचाप स्वीकार कर लेती है। 
परतु लेखिका को मुकेश की आँखों में एक हल्की सी उम्मीद की किरण दिखाई देती है। वापस आते हुए वह मुकेश से प्रश्न करती है कि क्या वह हवाई जहाज उड़ाने की भी सोचता है। मुकेश नीचे की और देखते हुए 'नहीं' में जवाब देता है " शायद  उसके सपने भी अभी जमीन से जुड़े हुए हैं। 
Courtesy –Net content  ) 
Word Meanings:-
Adolescence - किशोर अवस्था 
editor - संपादक 
columnist - स्तंभ लेखक 
excerpt - अंश 
analyses - विवेचना करना
grinding - दमनकारी
poverty - गरीबी 
traditions परंपराएं
condemn निंदा करना
exploitation - शोषण करना
expression व्यक्त करना
infer अर्थ होना 
perpetual - 
slog - 
hutments - बस्तियां
 garbage कचरा 
encounter अचानक मिल जाना  
scrounging किसी ढेर में से ढूंढ़ना 
dumps कचरे का ढेर
 neighborhood पड़ोस
 amidst बीच में 
distant  
mutters बड़बड़ाना 
glibly 
hollow थोथा, व्यर्थ 
broadly विस्तार से
 embarrassed लज्जित
 bleak 
announced घोषणा
 universe ब्रह्माण्ड 
unaware जागरूक ना होना
 represent प्रतिनिधि होना
 roam बेकार घूमना
 recognize पहचानना
 shelf अलमारी 
shuffle बेतरतीब  
excuse बहाना 
priest पुजारी
drowned  डूबना
desolation निराशा 
panting -  
ragpicker कचरा बीनने वाला 
acquaintance जान पहचान 
periphery शहर या गांव की परिधि 
metaphorically सांकेतिक रूप से 
squatters   
wilderness विचित्र भाव
structure बनावट
tarapaulin तिरपाल 
devoid वंचित 
sewage  जल की निकासी 
Textual Exercise :Lost Spring-Part I

Q1- Who was Saheb? What was his full name ?
Ans.- Saheb was a poor rag picker. He used to make his living collecting the garbage. His full name was Saheb-e –Alam. He lived in Seemapuri, New Delhi.

Q2- What is Saheb looking for in garbage dumps? Where has he come from?
Ans.- Saheb is a poor rag picker . He is looking for the ‘gold’ (money) in garbage dumps. His family has been migrated from Bangladesh in search of food.

Q3- What was the irony with Saheb?
Ans.- The full name of Saheb was Saheb-e-Alam. It means the lord of the universe. But he was too poor to buy a pair of shoes. Thus, there was an irony in his name.

Q4- What explanations does the author offer the children not wearing the footwear?
Ans.- The rag pickers are too poor to buy shoes. They remain barefooted. They explain to author that it was their custom. But author feels that it is just an excuse to hide their poverty.

Q5- What promise did the author make to Saheb?
Ans. The author made a promise to open a school in the locality. She will teach all the rag pickers.

Q6- What does garbage means for the elders and the children in Seemapuri?
Ans -Garbage is the means of survival for elders. For the children, it is something wrapped in wonder. They might come across a coin or two from it.

Q7- Does Saheb remember his native land?
Ans.- His mother used to tell him about their native land, Dhaka. They had left it a long time ago. Saheb has no memory of it.

Q8- Is Saheb happy working at tea stall? Explain.
Ans.- No, Saheb is not happy working at tea stall. He gets now 800 Rs. per month and all his meal. But he has lost his carefree looks. He is no longer his master. So, he is not happy working at tea stall.

Q9 -Describe the life and living of rag pickers in Seemapuri, Delhi.
Ans.- In Seemapuri, many poor families of rag-pickers are living in slums. These families have been migrated from Bangladesh in search of food. They used to collect garbage for their earnings. For elders, garbage is the means of survival. For children, it is something wrapped in wonder. They may come across one or two rupee coin from it.
Saheb is also living in Seemapuri with his family. His real name is Saheb-e Alam. It means the lord of universe. But he is too poor to buy a pair of shoes. When Saheb asks about opening of school, the author makes a false promise.        
Saheb has no memories of his native place. Now they are living in Seemapuri. They live in the structure of mud. No basic facility is provided to them. Thus Seemapuri is far away from Delhi, metaphorically. 
Later, Saheb has to join a tea-stall. There he gets 800 Rs. and all his meal. But he is not happy to work at tea stall . He is no longer his master now.



Textual Exercise :Lost Spring-Part-2 
Q1-Who was Mukesh? What was his aim in life ?
Ans. Mukesh belonged to a poor family of bangle maker in Firozabad. He did not want to be a bangle maker. He wanted to be his own master. His aim was to become a motor mechanic.

Q2.-What makes the city of Firozabad famous ?
Ans. Firozabad is famous for its glass bangle factory. Every other family is here engaged in making bangles. It is the center of India's glass -blowing industry.

Q3.-Mention the hazards of working in glass bangle factory ?
Ans. Behind the shining colours of bangles , there is a dark shade of the miseries of their makers also . About, more than 20000 children work in the glass bangle industry. They have to work in a very high temperature near furnaces. They work in dingy cells without air and light. They don't get any proper light to see. The powder from the polishing of bangles make them blind in an early age. Truly , their life is very miserable.

Q4.-Where does Mukesh live?
Ans. He lives in a very dirty area. The lanes are stinking. They are choked with garbage . The homes look like hovels. They have crumbling walls , wobbly doors and no window for fresh air .

Q5.-Who is Savita? What is she doing? What does the writer say about her ?
Ans. -Savita is a young girl of bangle-makers family. She is soldering pieces of glass. Her hands are moving very skillfully. The writer says that if she knows the sanctity of the bangles , she is making. Bangles are the symbol of Indian woman's suhhag.

Q6.-What forces conspire to keep the workers in bangle industry of Firozabad in poverty?
Ans. There is a tie-up of sahukars, middleman, policemen, bureaucrats and politicians in Firozabad. All these make a vicious circle . Poor and ignorant bangle makers have been trapped in it for generations. Now they have come to accept it as something natural and their destiny.

Q7 - How, in your opinion , can Mukesh realise his dream?
Ans.-  Mukesh wants to be a motor mechanic. He can realise his dream through hard work and firm determination. He will go to a garage , get proper training and learn new skills. Garage is a long way from his home. But he says that he will walk that distance to fulfill his dream.

Q8 - Why should child labour be eliminated and how?
Ans.-  Child labour is a cruel practice and also inhuman. Poverty and ignorance are responsible for this. It should be eliminated by educating the parents and improving their financial condition. The governments should take some strict action to remove this curse.

Q9- What could be some of the reasons for the migration of people from villages to cities?
Ans.-  It has been difficult to live in villages for labour class. Earnings are very small and one finds it easy to have a work in the cities. Many people come to cities for better education and better living conditions. 
Mukesh’s grandfather has lost his eyesight with the dust from polishing the bangles. After a lot of hard work, his father has made no progress in his life. He has failed to send his sons to school. The old lady in house considers it as their fate and will of God.
Q10.-What do we know about the  the family of Mukesh?   Ans:-Mukesh’s grandfather has lost his eyesight with the dust from polishing the bangles. After a lot of hard work, his father has made no progress in his life. He has failed to send his sons to school. The old lady in house considers it as their fate and will of God.
Q10- Describe the town of Firozabad and plight of workers in glass bangle industry. How is Mukesh different from his family?
Ans. -Mukesh belongs to a family of poor bangle maker in Firozabad. Firozabad is famous for its glass bangle industry. It is the center of India’s glass blowing industry. More than 20000 children are engaged in making bangles. They have to work in dingy and dark cells under a very hot temperature. Most of them lose their eyesight in an early age.
The author visits Mukesh’s home once. It is a very dirty place. The lanes are choked with dirty garbage. The houses look like hovel. They have crumbling walls, wobbly doors and no windows for fresh air and light. 
Bangle makers are debt-ridden. They are trapped into a vicious circle of sahukars , middlemen, police, politicians and bureaucrats. If they try to protest ,they are put behind the bars in false charges by police.
But Mukesh has a different aim and dream for his future. The author sees a new hope in his eyes.
He wants to be a motor mechanic. Garage is far away but he is determined to go there and get proper training. Thus he would be able to make his own path in his life.













My Mother at Sixty Six- Kamala Das

 This poem is included in the syllabus of 12th class in CBSE & HBSE Haryana .

यह मार्मिक कविता भारतीय कवयित्री कमला दास द्वारा  लिखी गई है । इस कविता में वह अपनी वृद्ध और बीमार माँ के प्रति अपनी भावनाओं को व्यक्त करती है। 
एक बार कमला दास अपनी माँ से मिलने गई । वापसी में जब वह कोचीन हवाई अड्डे पर आई तो उसकी माँ भी कार में उसके साथ उसे छोडंने के लिए आई।

रास्ते में उसने अपनी माँ की तरफ नजर डाली जो बढ़ती उम्र और कमजोरी के कारण काफी थकी हुई लग रही थी। वह नींद में ऊंघ रही थी और उसका मुँह खुला हुआ था। उसकी माँ का चेहरा बुझी हुई राख की तरह निस्तेज और बेजान दिख रहा था। कवयित्री को अहसास हुआ कि उसकी माँ वास्तव में बूढी हो गई है और अब उसे ज्यादा प्यार , स्नेह और सेवा की जरुरत है। उदासी व पीड़ा से बचने के लिए उसने कार की खिड़की से बाहर नजर डाली। उसे युवा पेड़ विपरीत दिशा में भागते हुए दिखाई दिए। छोटे छोटे बच्चे बहुत प्रसन्नता से खिलखिलाते हुए अपने घरों से बाहर निकल कर खेल रहे थे। बाहर का दृश्य नवजीवन और ऊर्जा का प्रतीक था और उसकी माँ जीवन की अंतिम अवस्था का प्रतीक थी.

जब वे कोचीन हवाई अड्डे पर पहुँचे तो सिक्योरिटी चेक के समय कवयित्री ने कुछ गज दूर खड़ी अपनी माँ को देखा । अपनी माँ का चेहरा उसे जाती हुई सर्दियों के चाँद की तरह पीला और बेजान दिखाई दिया जिसमे जीवन के प्रति कोई आशा नहीं बची थी। अब कमला दास ने अपने बचपन का पुराना डर व दर्द महसूस किया। वह डरती थी कि वह एक दिन अपनी माँ को हमेशा के लिए खो देगी। अब वह डर स्थाई होने वाला है क्योंकि अब माँ के पास ज्यादा समय नहीं बचा है।परन्तु अंतिम विदा लेते हुए कमला दास ने अपनी भावनाओं पर नियंत्रण रखा और उसने मुस्कुराते हुए अपनी माँ से विदा ली। उसने मुस्कुराते हुए कहा कि अम्मा, तुम ठीक हो जाओगी और मैं फिर तुमसे मिलने आउंगी। ........ 


My Mother at Sixty Six ( Textual Exercise)
 

Q1:- Where was the poet going? Who was sitting beside her ?
Ans :-The poet was going to Cochin airport on Friday. Her old mother was sitting beside her in the car.

Q2:- What is the kind of pain and ache that the poet feels?
Ans:- Driving to Cochin airport, the poet looks at her mother‘s pale and weak face. A painful thought comes to her mind that her mother will not live long. She thought that she would not be able to see her mother again. She feels the ache of separation

Q3 :-Why are the young trees described as ‘sprinting’?
Ans :-In the moving car, the young trees give the impression of running  backward .
Therefore; they are described as ‘sprinting’. They are the symbol of life and energy here.

Q4 :-How has the poet brought in the image of the merry children ‘spilling out of their homes’?
Ans:- The poetess sees cheerful children coming out from their homes. They are the symbol of life, energy and joy. They are in deep contrast to her weak and old mother.

Q5. :-Why has the mother been compared to the ‘late winter’s moon’?
Ans:- The mother has been compared with the ‘late winter’s moon’ because the late winter’s moon loses its brightness in the last hour of winter night. Likewise, the mother is also in the last phase of life. Her face is pale, dull and lifeless. Here ‘Simile ‘is used by the poet.

Q6 :-What do the parting words of the poetess and her smile signify?
Ans :-The poetess is very sad in her heart. She feels a pain and ache of separation from her mother. But she wants to leave a smiling impression to her mother. In order to hide her feelings, she just smiles to her. She expresses hope to see her soon. Her parting words signify new hope.

Q7 :-What is the poetess’s thought at the airport?
Ans :-At the airport, after security check, she looks her mother’s pale face again. Her childhood fear returns back. She fears that her mother may leave her anytime.

Q8 :-What does the poet look out of the window of her car?
Ans :-From her car, she looks at young trees outside. It seems that they were sprinting back ward. Happy children are coming out from their houses.

Q9 :-Write a brief summary of the poem ‘My Mother at Sixty Six”.
Ans :-This heart touching poem is composed by Kamala Das, an Indian Poetess. Driving to Cochin airport, the poetess looks at her old mother’s pale and weak face. A painful thought comes into her mind that her mother may not live long. But soon, she drives away her painful thoughts by looking outside scenes .In the moving car, the young trees gives the impression of running backward. Cheerful children are coming out from their houses. They are the symbol of life, energy and joy. They are also in deep contrast to her old and weak mother. At the airport, after security check, she looks her mother’s lifeless face again. She compares her pale face with the moon of late winter’s night, which has lost its brightness. Her childhood fear returns. She feels that her mother may leave her at any time. In order to hide her pain, she just smiles to her mother. She also hopes to see her again soon. ........

---Rajender Singh 
Lect. English 
GGSSS Kairu ( Bhiwani) 
9991046904


                    
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

The Third Level : Jack Finney

 The Third Level : Jack Finney ( Hindi Summary)


यह पाठ कक्षा बारहवीं की पाठ्य पुस्तक में संकलित है। JACK FINNEY द्वारा इस कहानी को मनोविज्ञान के ताने बाने के इर्द गिर्द बुना गया है। पाठक को इस कहानी को समझने के लिए अपनी कल्पना के ऊपर काफी निर्भर रहना पड़ता है। इस कहानी में पाठक समय और स्थान के दो बिलकुल अलग अलग स्तरों के बीच यात्रा करता है। जयंत नार्लीकर की THE ADVENTURE कहानी भी ठीक इसी प्रकार के कथानक पर आधारित है , जो कक्षा ग्यारहवीं के पाठ्य क्रम में शामिल है।



Crt. Net co.
कहानी का मुख्य पात्र है - चार्ली जो लगभग 31 वर्ष का है और एक कार्यालय में नौकरी करता है। आधुनिक समय के किसी भी अन्य इंसान की तरह चार्ली भी चिंता , सामाजिक असुरक्षा , तनाव और भय से ग्रसित लगता है। एक दिन चार्ली अपने काम की अधिकता के कारण अपने कार्यालय में लेट हो जाता है और जल्दी घर पहुँचने के लिए न्यू यॉर्क ग्रैंड सेंट्रल रेलवे स्टेशन से ट्रैन पकड़ने की सोचता है। हर कोई जानता है कि न्यू यॉर्क ग्रैंड सेंट्रल में ट्रेनों की आवाजाही के लिए केवल दो स्तर यानि स्थान निर्धारित हैं ,जहाँ से यात्रीगण अपनी टिकट लेकर अपने गंतव्य तक जाते हैं। परन्तु उस दिन चार्ली एक तीसरे स्तर यानि स्थान में प्रवेश कर जाता है जो कि बिलकुल भिन्न व अजीब है।

उसे लगता है कि उसके सामने एक नया रास्ता खुला हुआ है और वो लगातार एक तरफ मुड़ता चला जा रहा है। वहां उसे बिलकुल नए दृश्य दिखाई देते हैं। उसे लगता है कि ग्रैंड सेंट्रल एक विशाल पेड़ की तरह बढ़ रहा है जिसमे जड़ों की तरह नए नए गलियारे और सीढ़ियां निकल रहीं हैं। चार्ली को अहसास हो जाता है कि उसने गलत रास्ता चुन लिया है। परन्तु वह आगे बढ़ता रहता है। एक लम्बी सुरंग से गुजरने के बाद उसे हल्की सी रोशनी दिखती है। उसे वहां अनजाने और अपरिचित लोग दिखाई देते है, जिनकी वेशभूषा, मूंछे इत्यादि काफी पुराने समय की प्रतीत होती हैं। कमरे व टिकट खिड़कियां छोटे आकर की थी। पीकदान पीतल के बने हुए थे। रौशनी के लिए गैस की ज्वालाओं का प्रयोग किया जा रहा था। तभी उसे वहां पुराने समय में चलने वाला भाप का इंजन आता हुआ दिखाई दिया। चार्ली ने वहां पुराने समय में प्रकाशित होने वाला अख़बार "दी वर्ल्ड " भी देखा जिसपर 11 जून 1894 की तारीख अंकित थी।

हैरान होते हुए चार्ली ने टिकट खिड़की की तरफ रूख किया। वहां उसे पता चला कि उसे वहां से पूरे अमेरिका में कहीं भी जाने के लिए टिकट मिल सकता है। उसने गेल्ज़ बर्ग जाने के टिकट खरीदना चाहा जो उसकी व उसकी पत्नी की प्रिय जगह थी। परन्तु टिकट खिड़की पर बैठे क्लर्क ने उसके पैसे लौटाते हुए कहा कि ये पैसे यहाँ नहीं चलते , उसने अपनी मेज़ की दराज खोलकर दिखाई जिसमे पुराने समय में चलने वाले नोट रखे हुए थे, जो आकार में भिन्न थे। क्लर्क ने पुलिस बुलाने की धमकी दी। चार्ली घबराकर मुड़ा और जल्दी से बाहर निकल गया।


हालांकि यह मात्र एक कल्पना थी परन्तु चार्ली इसे इतना वास्तविक समझ बैठा कि उसने अगले दिन बैंक से 300 डॉलर निकलवा कर पुराने समय में चलने वाली मुद्रा खरीदी। उसे इसके बदले में 200 डॉलर से भी कम मिले। परन्तु इसके बाद कई प्रयास करने पर भी वह दोबारा वहां कोई तीसरा स्तर नहीं खोज पाया। कुछ समय बाद उसने तीसरा स्तर खोजने के प्रयास बंद कर दिए। जब उसने इस बारे में अपने मनोचिकित्सक मित्र सैम वीनर से बात कि उसने इसे चार्ली की कल्पना मात्र बताया। सैम ने यह भी कहा कि अक्सर लोग चिन्ताओं से तात्कालिक मुक्ति पाने के प्रयास में जीवन की सच्चाई से दूर भागते है तो इस प्रकार की कल्पना या किसी अन्य शौक का सहारा लेते हैं। चार्ली इससे सहमत नहीं है।

अब कहानी में एक और पहेली सामने आती है। एक दिन चार्ली को पुराने सामान में से एक 'फर्स्ट डे कवर*'मिलता है जो उसके दादा को डाक द्वारा गेल्ज़ बर्ग के पते पर भेजा गया था।डाक - मोहर से पता चलता है कि यह पत्र 18 जुलाई 1894 का था। यह खाली नहीं था। यह उसके मनोचिकित्सक मित्र सैम द्वारा लिखा गया था जिसमे उसने लिखा कि वह गेल्ज़ बर्ग में बड़े आराम और आनंद के साथ जीवन व्यतीत कर रहा है। वह चार्ली और उसकी पत्नी लूइसा को भी वहां आने के लिए कहता है।

बाद में चार्ली पता करता है कि सैम ने भी पुरानी मुद्रा के 800 डॉलर ख़रीदे थे। और लगता है कि वह गेल्ज़ बर्ग जाने में सफल हो गया है। शायद सैम ने वहां अनाज और चारे का छोटा सा कारोबार शुरू कर लिया है, क्योकि गेल्ज़ बर्ग में उसका मनो चिकित्सक वाला पुराना काम नहीं चलेगा।
----------------


* फर्स्ट डे कवर :- जब भी कोई नया डाक टिकट जारी होता है तो डाक टिकट संग्रह करने का शौक रखने वाले व्यक्ति बिक्री के पहले दिन ही उसे खरीद कर खुद को ही खाली लिफाफा पोस्ट करते है। और उस पर लगी डाक खाने की मोहर से उसकी सत्यता प्रमाणित करते है. 

Word Meanings:-

(Page 1)
level -  दर्जा ,स्तर
curious- उत्सुक
swear on- कसम खाना
stack- ढेर, संग्रह
obvious- स्पष्ट तौर पर
psychiatrist- मनोचिकित्सक
waking dream-  जागते हुए सपने देखना
insecurity- असुरक्षा
escape- बचकर निकलना
temporary- अस्थाई
refuge- शरण
(Page 2)
apartment- रहने का स्थान
gabardine-  विशेष प्रकार का कपड़ा
straw hat- एक प्रकार का हैट
suburban- उपनगरीय
ducked into-  तल्लीन, डूबा हुआ
arched- मुड़ी हुई मेहराब
bumping- टकराना
corridors- गलियारे
tunnel- सुरंग
(Page 3)
probably- शायद
slanting- एक ओर को झुका हुआ
hollow- थोथा, रिक्त
sleeve- आस्तीन
protector- बचाने वाला
flickering- टिमटिमाना
(Page 4)
spittoons-  पीकदान
glint- हल्की चमक
snapped open-  जल्दी से खोलना
derby hat- एक प्रकार का हैट
lapels- पल्ला, गोद
glimpse- झलक
locomotive-  रेल का इंजन
funnel shaped-  कीप के आकार का
tremendous-  शानदार
(Page 5)
figured- हिसाब लगाना
trying to skin- बेवकूफ बनाना
coin- सिक्का
premium- अतिरिक्त राशि
fussing with-  उलझना , 
(Page 6)
envelope- लिफाफा
postmark-  डाकखाने की मोहर
lemonade- नींबू पानी
worth- कीमत, महत्व 
hay-  सूखा चारा
*****
medium- माध्यम
apparent-  स्पष्ट
illogicality- अतार्किक रूप से
futuristic- भविष्य की
philately-  डाक टिकट इकट्ठा करने का शौक
tenderness- कोमलता
fantasy- कल्पना
🌌🌌🌌🌌🌌🌌

V$A:-

Q1- How many levels were there in Grand Central Station, New York?
Ans- Two levels.
Q2- Who was Charley?
Ans- He was a young man of 31 and worked in an office.
Q3- What was the name of Charley's wife?
Ans- Louisa.
Q4- What was the name of Charley's friend psychiatrist?
Ans-Sam Weiner.
Q5- What did Sam say about Charley's story?
Ans- He called it " waking dream wish fulfilment".
Q6- Which American President was fond of stamp collecting?
Ans-Franklin Roosevelt.
Q7- What did Charley find at Central Station one day?
Ans- He found a' third level ' there.
Q8- What kind of lights were there?
Ans- The lights were dim and flickering. 
Q9- Which engine was seen by Charley at the third level?
Ans- It was a 'Currier and Ives ' locomotive .
Q10- Which newspaper did Charley see there?
Ans-The World.
Q11- What was the date printed on the newspaper?
Ans- 11th June 1894.
Q12- Where did Charley want to go from the third level?
Ans- Galesburg.
Q13- Did Charley get the tickets?
Ans-No, the clerk refused to accept his currency.
Q14- Why did Charley run away from the third level?
Ans- He didn't want to be in any trouble.
Q14- What did Charley do  next day?
Ans- He got changed his 300 dollars and got less than 200 dollars of old currency.
Q15- Was Charley able to find the third level again?
Ans- No , he never found it again.
Q16- What did Charley find one day in his house?
Ans- He found a first day cover, posted by his grand father,  dated 18th July 1894.
Q17- Whose sign were there inside the letter?
Ans- Sam Weiner's .
Q18- Where was Sam now?
Ans- He was in Galesburg.
Q19- How much money had been got changed by Sam?
Ans- 800 dollars.
Q20- What was Sam doing in Galesburg?
Ans- He was doing his business of hay, feed and grain .
Q21- Who is the writer of the lesson' The Third Level ' ?
Ans- Jack Finney.


The Third Level ( Textual Exercise):-

Q1 :-What does third level refer to?
Ans :-The third level refers to a subway at the Grand Central Station in New York. There are only two levels of subway at Grand Central. In this story, the main character Charley’s ‘waking dream wish fulfillment’ is referred as third level.

Q2 :-Do you think that the third level was a medium of escape for Charley ? Why?
Ans :-Yes, the third level was a medium of escape for Charley. His story about the third level is nothing but a fantasy. He takes it as reality. Charley may be in stress and tension. His visit to the third level is a mystery and only a product of his imagination. So, we can say that third level was a medium of escape for Charley.

Q3 :-Would Charley ever go back to the ticket counter on the third level to buy tickets for Galesburg?
Ans :-Charley had managed old-typed currency in premium to buy the tickets. But after a lot of efforts, he couldn’t ever get to the third level because it was not a real place. The third level existed nowhere but in his fantasy.

Q4 :-“The modern world is full of insecurity, fear, war, worry and stress”. What are the ways in which we attempt to overcome them?
Ans :-The modern life is full of tension and stress. People adopt different ways to release this tension. To escape from the harsh realities of modern world, people divert their minds on some pleasant things. Some do creative writing, some do painting, singing, dancing and cooking etc. Such things make our mind fresh and capable enough to face these problems. We fulfill our suppressed desire into our imagination and dreams, as Charley does in this story.

Q5 :-What do you infer from Sam’s letter to Charley?
Ans :-Charley found a letter in an old box of his grandfather, posted by his friend, Sam, from Galesburg. It was a first day cover having a note inside it. The letter said that Sam had found the third level and now he was in Galesburg, living in ‘past’. He also invited Charley and his wife Louisa to come and live there. But it is clear that this is also an another ‘waking dream wish fulfillment’ of Charley. It is his another escapist imagination.

Q6 :-Do you see an intersection of time and space in this story?
Ans :-Yes, we find a mysterious intersection of time and space in this story. Two different periods of time are interwoven in such a way that is difficult to believe. Charley, the main character of the story, lives in modern time but he is sure that he has visited the third level where everything belonged to 1890’s. Then there is Sam, who is Charley’s psychiatrist friend, who also lives in modern time and suddenly disappears. Charley gets a letter from him which is written and posted on dated 18 July, 1894.

Q7 :-How does Charley reach the third level?
Ans :- One day, Charley gets late in his office. He is in a hurry to reach home. After first and second level, he enters into an arched doorway and gets lost. He keeps on walking and after a long tunnel, he finds himself in the third level.

Q8 :-How does Charley’s psychiatrist friend, Sam, react when he told him about the third level at the Grand Central Station?
Ans:- Charley’s psychiatrist friend does not agree with Charley that the third level actually exists. It is a product of his imagination only. He also says that Charley is not happy with his present situation. So he takes a temporary refuge in his fantasy from the realities of modern life. Sam describes it ‘waking dream wish fulfillment’ of Charley.

Q9 :-How can you say that Charley  keeps losing his way?
Ans :-Charley gets lost his way on the second level. He sees a new doorway which he never seen before. He enters in a corridor .He finds himself in the lobby of Hotel Roosevelt. After some time, he reaches in a office which was three blocks away. Now he enters in a long tunnel.Every time, he finds a new doorway, corridor and stairs.

Q10 :-What unusual things did Charley notice on the third level of the Grand Central Station?
Ans :-It was completely a strange place for Charley. Rooms were smaller than usual. There were fewer ticket-windows and train gates. The information booth was made of wood in an old style. He saw brass spittoons on the floor. The lights were dim and flickering because they were open –flame gaslights. Everyone was dressed like 1890’s.

Old Styled Locomotives - Crty Net 




Gas Lamp


Q11:- What happened when Charley asked the clerk for  two tickets for Galesburg?
Ans- The clerk counted out the money. But when Charley gave him the money, he refused to accept it. He showed some notes to Charley from his drawer. They were bigger and different from the notes that Charley had. The clerk warned Charley to call the police for presenting fake currency.

Q12- Why did Charley go to the coin dealer?
Ans- Charley was eager to buy two tickets for Galesburg. But  for this, he needed old styled currency of 1890,s to pay for the tickets on the third level. For this purpose, he went to the coin dealer. He got some old currency in premium there. He got less than two hundred dollars in exchange with his three hundred dollars.

Q13- What is a ' first day cover'?
Ans- When a new stamp is issued, stamp collectors buy some of these on the very first day the sale. They post blank envelope to themselves using the new stamp. The postmark proves the date . It is a kind of hobby for some people. It is called ' a first day cover '.

Q14- What was Sam's old business? Why  couldn't he go back to it?
Ans- Sam's old business was that of a psychiatrist. He was now in Galesburg of 1894. People were free of stress and tension of life there. So they didn't need any psychiatrist. So Sam couldn't go back to his old business.

Q15- Why did Charley think that Grand Central Station was growing like a tree, pushing out new corridors and stairs like roots?
Ans- At the second level of GCS , Charley often found himself in new doorways and corridors, which he never seen before. Once he got into a tunnel about a mile long. It came out into the lobby of Hotel Roosevelt. Another time, he came up in an office building three blocks away. So he began to think that Grand Central was growing like a tree.

Q16- Which newspaper and railway engine have been described in this lesson?
Ans- At the third level, Charley sees an old issue of a newspaper. It was " The World" that had not been published for years. It was a June 11, 1894 edition. He also sees a small locomotive there . It was a 'Currier and Ives ' locomotive . All this was very strange to him. 

Rajender Tanwar
Lecturer English
GGSSS KAIRU BHIWANI
 










  


The Last Lesson : Alphonse Daudet

 The Last Lesson : Alphonse Daudet



 






























     Difficult words:-
dread- भय
scolding- डांट, झिड़की
out of doors-  घर से बाहर
chirping- चहचहाना
drilling- सैनिक अभ्यास
Prussian- प्रशिया देश के वासी
tempting -आकर्षक
resist- रोकना, प्रतिरोध करना
bulletin board- समाचार पट्ट
draft- अनिवार्य आदेश
apprentice- काम सीखने वाला, प्रशिक्षु
bustle- शोरगुल, हड़बड़ी
in unison- एक साथ मिलकर
rapping- ठकठक की आवाज
commotion- उत्तेजना, हल्ला
blush- लज्जित होना
frightened- भयभीत होना
frilled-झालरदार वस्त्र
solemn- गंभीर 
besides- के अलावा
thumbed- अंगुठे के निशान लगे होना
grave- अत्यंत गंभीर, बेजान सा
thunderclap- बिजली की गड़गड़ाहट
the wrenches- बेचारे, अभागे (लोग)
nuisance- व्यर्थ की बात
cranky- सनकी
recite - कविता पाठ, वाचन
put off- स्थगित करना
pretend- दिखावा करना
a great deal- अधिक संख्या में
reproach- धिक्कारना
logical - तर्क संगत
enslave - दास बनाना
hold fast - नियंत्रण बनाए रखना, जुड़े रहना
amazed- हैरान
set to- आरंभ करना
motionless - गतिहीन, स्थिर
gazing - टकटकी लगाकर देखना
twine - लपेटना
walnut - अखरोट
hopvine - एक फूलदार बेल
chant - अलापना, बार बार दोहराना
trembled - का़पना
Angelus - चर्च में की जाने वाली प्रार्थना
trumpet - तुरही/ शहनाई
pale- पीला पड़ना, कमजोर दिखना
choked - गला रुंध जाना
gesture - हाव भाव, भाव भंगिमा

VSA,s of " The Last Lesson "

Q.1 Who is the writer of the lesson ‘The Last Lesson’?
--Alphonse Daudet.
Q.2 Who was M. Hamel?
--A teacher.
Q.3 What kind of teacher was M. Hamel?
-- A strict and patriot teacher.
Q.4 Which language was M. Hamel teaching?
--French.
Q5 Who was Franz?
--Franz was a little school going boy.
Q.6 Who was Franz’s teacher?
--M. Hamel.
Q.7 Where was Franz going?
--To school
Q8- Why did Franz afraid of?
-- He was late and hadn’t done his homework.
Q.9 Whom did Franz see drilling in the open fields?
-- Prussian soldiers.
Q.10 What homework had been given to Franz?
-- To  learn participles.
Q.11 Who was Wachter?
--A blacksmith.
Q.12 Where was the crowd?
--In front of bulletin-board.
Q.13 What type of news had come from Bulletin-board?
-- The lost battles, the drafts and the orders of the commanding officers.
Q.14 What was the scene when the school began that day?
-- It was  all silent as Sunday morning.
Q.15 What did Franz find on reaching the school?
-- Strange quietness.
Q.16 Why was Franz surprised?
--Because of M. Hamel’s politeness.
Q.17 What type of dress M. Hamel had worn?
-- Beautiful green coat , his frilled shirt and a  little black silk cap.
Q.18 Who was sitting on the back benches?
--The villagers.
Q.19 Who came to attend M. Hamel’s class?
-- The former mayor, the former postmaster ,old Hauser and many villagers.
Q.20 What thing old Hauser brought with him?
--An old primer.
Q.21 How did M. Hamel speak to the students?
-- In a grave and gentle tone.
Q.22 What order had come from Berlin?
--  To teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine.
Q.23 What did the teacher say to the students?
-- This is your last lesson so be attentive.
Q24 What were the old men of the village feel sorry for?
-- Not gone to school more.
Q.25 Why was Franz feeling sad?
--For not learning his mother tongue
Q.26 Whom did M. Hamel blame for not sending students to school?
--To parents.
Q.27 According to M. Hamel, which is the most beautiful language in the world?
-- French
Q.28 For how many years did M. Hamel serve the school?
-- 40 years
 Q.29 Why were the old men of the villagers come to school?
--To say good bye to M. Hamel , showing their respect to M. Hamel and to pay respect for forty years of his faithful service.
Q.30 Why was it said ‘their country theirs no more’?
--Because  it had fallen into the enemy’s ( Germany) hands.
Q.31 What did M. Hamel bring for his class on his last day in the school?
--New notebooks.
Q.32 What does the last lesson taught by Hamel symbolize?
--Loss of language and loss of freedom
Q.33 What does M. Hamel’s motionless posture reflect?
--The school is dismissed.
Q34- Which theme is depicted in this lesson ?
-- Patriotism 
Q35- When did the Germans occupy Alsace and Lorraine ?
-- In 1871-72. 

 

 

 

 


Textual Exercise ::--

Q1:-What was Franz expected to be prepared with for school that day? 
Ans:-Franz was expected to be prepared with “participles” that day. His teacher M. Hamel had said that he would ask question on participles, Poor Franz didn’t know anything about participles.

Q2 :-What did Franz notice that was unusual about the school that day 
Ans :-On regular days, when school began, there was a great noise, which could be heard out in the street, the opening and closing of desks, lessons repeated in unison, very loud,, and the teacher’s great ruler rapping on the table. But that day it was as still as Sunday morning. 

Q3 :- What had been put up on the bulletin-board? 
Ans :-It was an order from Berlin (Germany). It said that only German would be taught in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. French would be taught no more. The new teacher is coming tomorrow. 

Q4 :- What changes did the order from Berlin cause in school that day?
Ans :-There were many changes in school that day. The whole school was as silent as Sunday morning. M. Hamel had put his finest dress- beautiful green coat, frilled shirt, silk cap. Many villagers were sitting on the back benches in the classroom. Teaching and learning of French had been banned and only German would be taught in the school from next day. 

Q5 :-How did Franz’s feeling about M. Hamel and school change? 
Ans :- Franz was a careless student. He never learnt his lessons properly. But when M. Hamel told about the orders from Berlin, Franz was shocked and his feelings about M. Hamel and school have changed. Suddenly he felt a deep love for French language. He started to like his books which were a “nuisance” for him. His strict teacher, M. Hamel, was a kind and noble person for him now. 

Q6  :-Franz thinks, “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?” What could this mean? 
Ans:- Franz shows the reaction of imposition of German language on them. French, their mother tongue, bonds them in unity. From the above statement, he shoes his anger against Prussia that they would now enforce not only people but also birds(pigeon) to speak/sing in German. It means that this order has taken away the rights of the people to learn their own language. 

Q7 :-The people in this story suddenly realise how precious their language is to them. What shows you this? Why does this happen? 
Ans:- Germany had possessed over two districts of France in 1870-71 and passed an order to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine .When the students and people came to know about the new order, everyone got deeply shocked .M. Hamel, a teacher of French, language told the students and villagers that he was going to deliver his last lesson. The order aroused a sense of patriotism among them. M. Hamel called French language the most beautiful, logical and clearest language of the world. He also inspired them not to forget their language. It is the key to prison for all. Everyone in the class felt the importance of their language. So they paid full attention to the last lesson. 

Q8 :- What is the background of the story ‘The Last Lesson’? 
Ans. France was defeated by Germany in 1871 . As a result, Germany possessed over two districts of France and passed an order to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. Teaching of French had been banned and French teachers were asked to go. 

Q9 :- Why was little Franz afraid of ? 
Ans :- Franz was late for school that day. He was expected to be prepared with of ‘participles’ that day. But poor Franz didn’t know anything about the participles. So he was in a great fear of scolding by his teacher M. Hamel.

Q10 :-What did Franz see when he passed by the town hall? OR 
What had been put on the bulletin board? 
Ans :-Franz saw a large crowd in front of bulletin board at town hall. It was an order from Berlin that only German would be taught in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. He was in a hurry. The blacksmith asked Franz not to go fast because there was enough time for school. 

Q11 :-What did M. Hamel say about French language? 
Ans :-He called French language the most beautiful language of the world. He said that it is the clearest and the most logical language of the world. He wanted his people to keep it alive and never forget it.

Q12 :-How was M. Hamel dressed on his last day at school? 
Ans :-M. Hamel was dressed in his finest cloth. He was in his beautiful green coat and frilled shirt. He was wearing a silk black cap. He used to wear this dress on inspection and prize days. 

Q13 :-Why did the villagers come to school that day? 
Ans :-M. Hamel had been teaching in their school for forty years. Now he was going for ever. He was a very hard-working and sincere teacher. So they came to thank his valuable service. 

Q14 :-How can you say that M. Hamel was a dedicated and sincere teacher? 
Ans :-M. Hamel had been teaching in their school for forty years. But even on his last day at school, he delivered his lesson with same devotion and sincerity. He even gave homework to his students. All this show, that he was a dedicated teacher. 

Q15 :-What caused a great noise(bustle), when school began? 
Ans :-It was the closing and opening of the desks. The students used to repeat their lesson –loudly in unison. The teacher rapped his iron ruler on the table. 

Q16 :-How did M. Hamel bid farewell to his students? 
Ans :-M. Hamel was looking very serious during his lesson. At last, the church clock struck twelve. He wanted to say something at last. But due to emotions, his throat choked. He wrote on the blackboard,” Long Live France”. He made a gesture with hand –‘’The class is dismissed, you may go now’’. 

Q17 :-Write a brief character –sketch of M. Hamel. 
Ans :-M. Hamel was a French teacher. He was a hardworking and dedicated teacher. He was also a strict teacher. But his students were not afraid to him, they respected him very much. They knew that he had a heart of gold. He had been teaching in the same school for forty years. But even on his last day at school, he delivered his lesson with same devotion and sincerity. He didn’t scold Franz for coming late and not completing his homework. He even gave homework to his students. All this show, that he was a dedicated teacher. 
He was also a patriot person. He had a deep and great love for France and French language. He inspired the students and villagers to never forget their mother tongue. He knew very well that the language bound the people in unity. At last, due to emotions his throat choked and he wrote on the blackboard,” Long Live France”. He made a gesture with hand –The class is dismissed, you may go now. 

Rajender Tanwar 
Lect English
GGSSS Kairu ( Bhiwani) 
9991046904











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